terrorism should be a rare, exceptional phenomenon. when we see terrorist groups have under them entire populations and territories in certain countries, this is only possible when there is a or when theyuum become an instrument of murder leavesforsion that dialogue or political forces, reforms oravefor civil evolutions. terror. regimes of

[indiscernible] unifying framework that should not deal with repression. we cannot wait until more people are killed. we cannot overcome terrorism unless society is effected. such as what we see in syria. in this regard, we need to refer to the following items. we have for the military action .s not the sole solution to bee clinical aspect

credible, and we should avoid double standards. when civilians are aimed, the response needs to be the same regardless of the origins of this violence against civilians. one cannot stand by while thousands are killed. there is always the explanation for this but i fear that this gives a sense that there is a double standard. you -- we need to ensure the rule of law and civilians should not be the victims once again. [indiscernible] all efforts that are based on international consensus to put an end to this scourge regardless of its motivations or the excuses given for it.

>> i want to thank his highness for his statement. unfortunately, i am being called to deliver another address and participate in another u.n. forum. my able secretary of state, john kerry, will be taking the chair. i want to say to my friends, the leaders of kenya, bulgaria, and moldova as well as my good friend stephen harper from canada. we very much welcome your commitment and your participation in this forum and i want to thank the entire security council for the seriousness with which we have tackled this problem. i will note that it is very rare where the united nations achieves the kind of consensus that we see represented in this resolution.

and i think if you look at all the statements that have been made today, several things stand out. number one, the brand of violent extreme terrorism that is represented by isil is something that should be rejected by all of us in the civilized world. number two, in addition to militarily dealing with the challenges, we are also going to have to change hearts and minds and that requires a wide range of strategies, and this resolution commits each of us to find tools to counter their radicalization that can lead to the recruitment of young people who obviously are not taking a better path in life. i want to reaffirm that the united states will be committed not simply to a military approach, but we also are deeply committed to working with every single country that is prepared to cooperate in making sure that the scourge of terrorism and the use of foreign

fighters for perverted ambitions is sorted and that we are going to make sure that we reach out to each of you individually to find out how we can be helpful and cooperative with you. i will repeat what i said at the outset of this security council meeting, though. resolutions along will not be enough. lofty rhetoric, good intentions are not enough. we are going to have to translate words into deeds but given the seriousness with which all of us have made our presentations here today i am confident that in fact we can succeed. that we can drain the sources of the kind of extreme radicalization that we have been seeing, that as a to clients and -- as a consequence and with the

help of political resolutions of conflict in the middle east, and north africa, we can arrive at a situation in which all of our young people, rather than resorting to violence and suicide bombings, can be confident about getting a good education and seeking opportunity and raising families and living in peace. i want to say enqueue to all of -- thank you to all of you for your outstanding contributions to this very important and historic effort. now, french president francois hollande's address to the you and -- un general assembly.

this is just over 10 minutes. >> on behalf of the general assembly, i have the honor to welcome to the united nations is excellency, francois hollande, president of the french republic , and to invite him to address the assembly. your excellency. [applause] french]king [translator] today i am speaking to you with emotion.

assassination by a terrorist group linked to the islamic state. was full of who enthusiasm. he thought he would be able to pursue his passion. he was abducted and he was .eheaded this is what terrorism does. it doesn't only do it to france. there were americans and british people who were dealing with the same level of barbarity. this group, they do not strike only those who do not think like they do. they strike muslims, they strike civilian populations and the

strike minorities. they rape, they kill. it is the reason that the fight of the international community needs to rage against terrorism which knows no borders. and it is the same fight that needs to be carried, the fight for values for which this organization was founded. human dignity and freedom. the view we need to have on the world of tomorrow, this is one of justice. it was joined by many african and european countries and now the united nations.

france has been committed each time there has been a danger but today, this threat exists in iraq and syria. it not only concerns this region, they have decided not to conquer territories. this group is threatening the entire world. by provoking attacks and organizing -- recruiting fighters coming from all over the world to train them to show them the barbarity that this group is capable of. so that they can repeat and reproduce this sinister terrorism movement in their own countries. therefore this threat exists not only for the region but for the world.

it is for that reason that france has responded to the call of the american authorities so that we can bring military assistance by providing weapons. but now bringing aerial support to avoid this group continuing to progress. we want to weaken it, we want to reduce it. but we also know that while there is no settlement of the syrian crisis, all of our efforts could be reduced and that could mean simply that there is an action but -- an action but political solutions.

we in france support the democratic syrian opposition as the only legitimate representation of the syrian people. as the only legitimate representation of the syrian people. france is going through a tragedy following the assassination of one of our compatriots but france will never give in to blackmail, to pressure, to barbaric act. quite to the contrary. france knows what is expected. it knows that it has a role to -- a role to play.

the fight against terrorism will be pursued and accelerated as much as is necessary with respect for law. with a respect for sovereignty of states. we will make no mistake when we act. we will always do so with respect for the principles of the united nations. i would like to talk to about some other things. please understand that in my country, there is nevertheless a great question which is being asked and being asked to you. when faced with this barbaric act, faced with terrorism, will remain spectators? or will we be actors together in what should be an international order. this question if we do not

respond to it or respond to too weakly, the terrorists will continue with their undertaking and indoctrination. it is not weakness that will be the response, it is force. the force of law, the force of the united nations. at a certain point also, the force of military action when it becomes necessary. i also wanted to talk to you about other regions of the world. which are also going through threats to our own security. i want to talk to you about the ebola epidemic is i know just how much it is affecting our african friends in here again, let's look the on and -- beyond. who can imagine that this epidemic can remain contained in a few countries.

this is also a global threat and the response must be global and therefore france and the world must ring to those countries affected by the epidemic necessary care, the protection that is required, because there again if there is the slightest weakness, the slightest lack of solidarity, all of our countries will be affected. ladies and gentlemen, i have also come here before you to speak to about what is next to europe to what happened in ukraine. europe tong next to what happened in ukraine. but even in europe what we need to do is achieve for peace and we see the cease-fire and the truce that has been concluded there. this needs to be pursued.

no continent is spared from this threat. everything is fragile and vulnerable. we need to have the same awareness of the dangers. beyond the second world war. we need not only to make it a memory but the task of the future. this is the world we want. this is the last man want to talk about. there is a world that we want. [inaudible] this is threatening not only our generation but the one that will follow us. it is a threat to our own security because there are more people displaced by climate change than by wars. which are so intense and deadly. throughout our world.

france has also taken on its responsibilities having decided to organize the climate conference in december 2015. right here, thanks to secretary-general and cumin, -- ban-ki moon, there was a summit which enabled us to immobilize state and financial institutions, countries and societies. we want this conference to succeed not only because of [indiscernible] it is the world we want. they have been experiences in history when we can decide not only for ourselves but for humanity and this time has come. therefore, in paris, we must do everything to make sure that the global agreement can be reached.

an agreement that can be binding and can be differentiated according to levels of development. which can have its green fund to which france has contributed $1 billion for the coming years and the hope other countries will follow us because we need this green fund to enable countries who do not have this level of development to be able to ensure their growth and at the same time, there energy transition. this is a sad moment that i am experiencing today on behalf of france that the french people are going through but it is also a moment when we can move forward and take on our responsibility for the world, the planet, we need to act for peace, we need to reduce inequality. we also need to do our job for future generations to make sure that terrorists -- to make sure

-- to make sure paris is a and to for the climate make sure the u.n. can always be faithful to the mandate that was given to it following a perfect more. we are still facing challenges. we are certain to be able to deal with them if we are united and together, we can achieve this victory. thank you. [applause] >> on behalf of the general assembly, i wish to thank the president of the french republic for the statement just made. may i request representatives to remain seated while we greet the president. >> iranian resident rouhani used

his address to the u.n. general assembly to speak about the rise of extremist groups in the middle east, which he called a global issue. he also spoke about sanctions against his country's nuclear program and notions that iran was trying to control other nations in the region. this is 25 minutes. >> on behalf of the general assembly, welcome to the united hassan, his excellency, rouhani, and to invite him to address the assembly.

>> in the name of god the most gracious, the most merciful, thanks be to god, the lord of the two worlds, and maybe prayers and peace of mohamed and his family and companions. excellency's, ladies and gentlemen, at the outset i would like to extend my sincerest congratulations on your well-deserved election and the president of the 69th session of the general assembly. i also extend my appreciation to ban ki-moon for all of his efforts. it is my hope that this session of the general assembly will bring the world in its current critical situation a step closer to tranquility, which is a fundamental goal of the united nations.

mr. president, i am coming from a region of the world whose many parts are burning in the fire of extremism and radicalism. to the east and west of my country, extremist threaten our neighbors, resort to violence, and shed blood. they of course do not speak a single language. they are not of a single skin color and not of a single nationality. they have come to the middle east from around the world. they do however have a single ideology, violence and extremism. they also have a single goal, the destruction of civilization,

giving rise to islam a phobia and creating a fertile ground for further intervention of foreign forces in our region. i deeply regret to say that terrorism has become globalized from new york to mozilla, from damascus to baghdad, from the easternmost to the westernmost parts of the world. the extremists of the world have found each other, and have put out the call. extremists of the world unite. but are we united against the extremist? extremism is not a regional issue that only the nations in our region have to grapple with. extremism is a global issue. certain states have helped in creating it, and are now failing to withstand it.

currently, our people are paying the price. today's anti-westernism is the offspring of yesterday's colonialism. today's anti-western is a misery -- is a reaction to yesterday's racism. certain intelligence agencies have put blades in the hands of madmen who now spare no one. all those who have played a role in founding and supporting these terror groups must acknowledge their errors, which have led to extremism. they need to apologize not only to the past generation, but also to the next generation. to find the underlying causes of

terrorism, one must identify its roots and dry its source fountains, terrorism, poverty, unemployment, discrimination, humiliation, and injustice. and it grows in the culture of violence. to uproot extremism, we must spread justice and development and stop distorting teachings to justify brutality and cruelty. the pain is made greater when terrorists spill blood in the name of religion and beheaded in the name of islam. they seek to keep hidden the incontrovertible truth of history, that on the basis of the teaching of all divine prophets, from abraham to moses, from jesus to mohammed, peace be upon him, taking the life of a

single innocent human is akin to killing the whole of humanity. i am astonished that these murderous groups call themselves islamic. what is more astonishing is that the western media, in line with them, repeats this false claim, which provokes the hatred of all muslims. muslim people who every day recall their god as merciful and compassionate and have learned lessons of kindness and empathy from their profits teachings. they see this defamation is part of an islamic phobic project.

the strategic blunders of the west in the middle east and central asia have turned these parts of the world into a haven for terrorists and extremists. military aggression against afghanistan and iraq, and improper interference in the developments of syria are clear examples of the erroneous approach in the middle east, a non-peaceful approach, aggression and livelihoods of ordinary people. they result in different adverse psychological and behavioral consequences that are today manifested in the form of violence and murder in the middle east and north africa, even in some other parts of the world. the violence is currently being spread to other parts of the world like a contagious disease. we have always believed democracy cannot be transplanted from abroad.

it is a product of growth and development, not war and aggression. democracy is not a product that can be commercially imported from the west to the east. this leads only to a weak and vulnerable government. which, when commanding general step into a region, do not expect diplomats to greet them warmly. when the war begins, diplomacy ends. when sanctions begin, deep hatred also begins. when the atmosphere of the middle east is securitized, the answer will be of the same nature as well. the interest of the countries in our region are tied to believes and desires of the people for democratic governance in the region.

our region expects the experience of the creation of al qaeda, the taliban and and other extremists shows that no one can use extremism and remain impervious to the consequences. the repetition of these mistakes, despite many costly experiences, is perplexing. let's recall that iran had invited everyone to dialogue before september 11. perhaps in the past year or few people could forecast the fire that would rage today, him and hit it it -- uninhibited violence and extremism prevents -- presents an imminent threat to the world.

it is self-evident that without an accurate understanding of how the current condition came about, we will not be able to find the right solutions. today, again, i shall warn against the spread of extremism and the danger posed by the incorrect approach to this phenomenon. the middle east longs for development and is weary of war. it is the natural right of the people of the middle east to live in peace and prosperity. in the past, colonialism denied them this right and the shadow of war and violence threatens their security. there are moderate politicians in our region. who enjoy the confidence of their peoples.

they are neither anti-western nor pro-western. while aware of the role of colonialism in the back parts of their nations, they are not neglectful of the role of their nations in reaching the development they seek. they do not absolve the west from its misdeeds, but are so -- are also aware of their own failings. they take a position of active leadership and establish the strongest national and international coalition against violence. the voices of these leaders are the true voices of moderation in the islamic world. the familiars sound of an afghan tired of war, an iraqi the them -- victim of extremism, a syrian

fearful of terrorism, and a lebanese worried about violence and sectarianism. i believe the country is -- if countries claiming leadership of -- the countries claiming leadership of the coalition do so to continue their hegemony in the region. they would be making a strategic mistake. obviously, since that pain is better known by the countries in the region, better they can form a coalition and except to shoulder the responsibility of leadership to counter violence and terrorism. and, if other nations wish to take action against terrorism, they must come to their support. i warned that if we do not muss -- muster all of our strength against extremism and violence

and failed to entrust the job to the people in the region who can deliver tomorrow, this world will not be safe for anyone. mr. president, ladies and gentlemen, last year i tried to fulfill the role of my country for peace at regional and international levels by putting forward a proposal for ways to counter violence and extremism which was met with general support. all of the nations of the region have to keep in mind that we are in the same boat. thus, we need cooperation with regards to social and elliptical -- political as well as defense issues with a view toward reaching common understandings. had we had greater cooperation and coordination in the middle

east, thousands of innocent palestinians in gaza would not have fallen victim to the zionist regime's aggressions. we in the islamic republic of iran consider confidence building among states of the region as fundamentally essential for conflict resolution. we support any measure to combat extremism, threats, and aggression, and in connection with this, we are prepared to play our permanent constructive and positive role. mr. president, the oppressive sanctions against iran go on in continuation of a strategic mistake made under the current sensitive conditions in our region. during the last year, we have engaged in the most transparent dialogue to build confidence regarding iran's peaceful

nuclear program. we placed serious and honest negotiations on the agenda, not as a result of sanctions or threats, but because of the will of our people. we are of the view that the nuclear issue would only be resolved through negotiation, and those who may think of any other solution would be committing a great mistake in doing so. any delay in arriving at a final agreement not only raises our expense, but is at the expense of the economy and trade of other parties as well as the development and security prospect of our region. no one should doubt that compromise and agreement on this issue is in the best interest of everyone, especially that of the nations of the region.

the nuclear negotiations between iran and the five plus one have continued during the past year. and in the past few months with seriousness and optimism on both sides. according to all international observers, the islamic republic of iran has carried out its commitment in good faith. although some of the observations and actions of our counterparts have created certain doubts -- observations and actions of our counterparts have created certain doubts, we hope that the current negotiations will lead to a final accord in the short amount of time that we have loved. -- have left. we have committed to continue our peaceful nuclear program, including enrichment, and to enjoy powerful nuclear rights on iranian soil within the framework of international law. we are determined to continue negotiations with our interlocutors in earnest and in

good faith based on mutual respect and confidence. removal of concerns for both sides as well as equal footing and recognize international norms and principles. i do believe mutual adherence to these strict implementations of obligations and avoidance of negotiation is the prerequisite for the success. iran's nuclear program can serve as the beginning of multilateral collaboration and promoting security, peace and development in our region and beyond. the people of iran have been subjected to pressures, especially in the past three years, as a result of continued sanctions, can not place trust in those who have placed obstacles in the way of

satisfying even their most primary needs such as food and medicine. these sanctions place impediments to future cooperation. the people of iran are devoted to this commitment. an historic and exceptional opportunity could be lost. as you know, the sooner the islamic -- this year the iran and is the reigning government took new actions. we are determined to build our confidence. if our interlocutors are equally motivated and flexible, then we can overcome the problem and reach a long-standing agreement within the time remaining. then an entirely different environment will emerge for

cooperation at the regional and international levels allowing for greater focus on issues such as combating violence and extremism in the region. arriving at a final agreement will be an historic opportunity for the u.s. to show that it does not oppose the development of others and does not discriminate when it comes to international rules and regulations. this agreement can carry a global message of peace and security, indicating that the only way to conflict resolution is through negotiation and respect and not through conflict and sanctions. mr. president, ladies and gentlemen, last year the great nation of iran participated in

presidential elections with foresight and prudent moderation. thereafter, they supported their elected government in its efforts of building the country while some of the countries around iran have fallen prey to war and turmoil. iran remains secure, stable, and calm. my government's principal policy is to work toward constructive interaction with our neighbors on the basis of mutual respect and common interest. the notion that iran seeks to control other countries in the region is a myth. band in recent years in the context of an islamic phobic project. those who may be's need imaginary enemies to sustain tension and sow division and conflict, thus pushing for the

redeployment of natural resources away from development. we work toward putting an end to the delusional phobias, setting a stage for strategic partnerships with our neighbors. last year i warned against the violence of expansion and extremism. i warn that we could become closer to a turbulent and tumultuous region with repercussions for the whole world. the right solution to this quandary must come from international support and not from outside of the region. god the almighty has promised in

the holy koran to those who have believed and unrighteous deeds that he will surely grant them succession to authority upon -- done righteous deeds that he will surely grant them succession to authority upon the earth. it is my sincere hope that our generation endeavors to leave a more secure and developed earth as its legacy for the next generation. i wish you all a great deal of success and many blessings. thank you. >> on behalf of the general assembly, i wish to thank the president of the islamic republic of iran for the statement he just made. please remain seated while we

greet the president. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> pakistani prime minister change, theclimate israeli-palestinian conflict, and pakistan's commitment to fighting global terrorism.

this is 15 minutes. >> mr. president, i congratulate -- as the president of this assembly. -- sustainable development, climate change, and peaceful settlement of disputes are our priorities. our delegation will extend its full support to him to achieve these objectives. to -- for hisbute effective leadership of the past session of the general assembly. find up america

solutions to complex challenges. inappreciate his leadership hosting the climate summit. as the president -- mr. in pakistan we have radically experienced such a calamity only recently. in monsoons and floods pakistan have had a devastating impact. we are mobilizing all of our to provide relief and ensure recovery. the international community should intensify its efforts to move from awareness to commitments to actions on climate change. -- on climate change, which is playing havoc on the economies, particularly in developing countries. mr. president, this is a defining moment for the united --ions as it embarks on the

embarks on transforming the lives of billions of people by investing in sustainable development in the next 15 years. we are setting ourselves a of 2030. move beyond development goals. we need a new approach to eliminate conflict and violence and reduce inequality within and among nations. only then will we be able to good lives, empower women and girls, improve the quality of education, create jobs, and have a supply of affordable energy. the time is right for such ambition and action. the sustainable development goals drafted so far must be woven in an overarching framework. we must prioritize them.

peace, stability, and growth all come first. at the national level we have launched our vision for 2025, which puts people first. this is inspired by our founding father. of a welfaren state based on the principles of justice, equity, and responsibility. in the coming decade we will develop human and social capital through investment in education, health and gender parity, stimulated economic growth, mayor ties to energy -- , anditized energy entrepreneurship. we have determined that recent , politicalecurity

stability, the rule of law, and social justice are absolutely crucial for the realize asian of these goals. theor the realize asian -- realization of these goals. energy is key to economic development. the objective initiative is also a national goal. , it is myent government's aspiration and effort to build a peaceful neighborhood by pursuing a policy of constructive engagement. in south asia our people have missed opportunities for prosperity because of unresolved choice,s area we have a

continue with the status quo or dissolve all outstanding issues and free up shared energies for corporations. we need more, not to less, diplomacy. other'sto respect each rights and responsibilities. we must have relationships based on equality, mutual respect, and transparency. we were disappointed at the cancellation of the -- pakistan is convinced that we must remain engaged in the dialogue process and in building

economic and trade relations. let us not ignore the dividends of peace. more than six decades ago the united nations passed a to hold -- the people are still waiting for the fulfillment of that promise. many generations have lived their lives under occupation, accompanied by violence and abuse of their fundamental rights. women in particular have suffered immensely. decades attempts have been made both under the u.n. hospices and bilaterally in the spirit of the whole declaration to resolve this dispute. this is the responsibility of the international community.

it has to be addressed in accordance with the wishes of the people. to work is ready towards a resolution of this issue. mr. president, as we are going through momentous security, political, and economic transitions. solidarityands in with its people. people overte the the successful completion of the process and offer good wishes to the new leadership. our earnest hope that these landmark processes would

coleman make in the emergence of a stronger, more stable, and unified afghanistan. hope afghan led and afghan owned reconciliation would move create harmony, stability, and prosperity in afghanistan. toistan remains committed forging a deeper bilateral relationship with afghanistan on the basis of equal security and shared prosperity. our two nations: front -- two nations confront common challenges. in the past year and a half we have consciously reached out to afghanistan to address difficult issues and build on convergences. we have made headway in this effort. , pakistan has

launched a massive operation to eliminate terrorism. complementary counterterrorism tosures are essential achieve optimal results. summer the people of masswere subjected to atrocities by israel. condemned the indiscriminate killings of civilians, which amounted to genocide. platform, i once again convey pakistan's condolences and sympathies to the people of palestine over their continuing plight. we welcome the cease-fire between gaza and israel. the next step must also be taken. the blockade of gaza must be listed -- must be lifted and

illegal settlements halted. the united nations should facilitate a just and lasting solution of the palestinian issue. we call on all parties in syria to renounce military and and hold aans dialogue to restore peace and stability in the historic land. e -- theencye emergence of new militant raised the issue of a global threat. it must be countered with unified and resolute will. condemnident, we terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. we are fighting terrorism planted on pakistan soil.

our soldiers are laying down their lives to take out terrorists and tear down their evil networks. the entire nation is behind them. , as a past 13 years front-line state, we have given enormous sacrifices in blood and resources. tens of thousands of civilians have been killed and injured. our economy has lost hundreds of billions of dollars in direct cause and denied investment opportunities. soldier falls another takes his place proudly. it is the resolve of our foundation to fight the scourge to the finish. at the same time we have made a plan of action for the relief and reimplementation of nearly one million internally dislocated persons. this includes a strategy to ofvent a resurgence

militants and create a safe environment for the local people. mr. president, pakistan's strong ismitment to peacekeeping rooted in our foreign policy. i believe that every nation should contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security. this ideal, pakistan has maintained high levels of participation in the u.n. peacekeeping. we are contributing more than 1100 troops to the central african republic, despite the dire situation there. president, as a responsible nuclear weapon state we will continue to support the objectives of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation and pursue it policy of nuclear

restraint with minimum deterrence. not participating in any arms race in the region. yet we cannot be oblivious to the emerging security scenarios and buildup of armaments. too have the obligation to maintain a robust and reliable deterrence. i would reiterate the need for an interlinked mechanism for pursuing nuclear restraint. -- nuclear restraint, conventional equilibrium, and nuclear -- , pakistan has maintained the high standards of nuclear safety and security. ,t the last summit i attended pakistan's recent nuclear measures, especially the establishment of a center of excellence, where appreciated.

pakistan has stayed with advanced nuclear technology with the experience of over 40 years. pakistan is a mainstream partner in the international nonproliferation regime. a nationalso has export control system, that is fully harmonized with international control regimes. we are abiding by their guidelines. pakistan ought to be a part of these export control regimes, especially the nuclear supplies group. for fullalso qualifies access to civil nuclear technology to overcome its energy shortages and spur economic growth. , the ongoing u.n. reform must be comprehensive. we support a reform of the security council that will reflect the interest of all , small,tates

medium-sized, and large, and not the ambitions of a few. there should be no permanent seats in the council. this would be contrary to the democratic character of this body. we want the council to become more representative at the table , accountable, and transparent. president, we meet here today on the cusp of a new era. before has a united nations -- has the united nations embraced such lofty abolish poverty and foster peace as it will during this session. the future of our planet hinges on our decisions. let us deliver them with full responsibility and wisdom. pakistan will dismiss this

assembly and the united nations a a whole to make the world better place for all mankind. i thank you. >> the us-led coalition against isis continued today with airstrikes in syria. according to a kurdish official the strikes were carried out in a town near the turkish border, where more than 100,000 people have fled after assaults by the islamic state. turkey andces in iraq have led a coalition against fighters in the region. threats posed by isis in iraq was the topic that the iraqi president talked about recently at a forum hosted by the council on foreign relations. isisscussed the role of and the political challenges of forming a united government in iraq. this is an hour.

>> good morning. i am very glad to be here this morning. you have a very important role to play in influencing public opinion. we in iraq are facing many problems. terrorismferin from -- suffering from terrorism for more than 10 years. terrorism in many forms. many times we can say some of

them are not originally terrorists, but they have practices, until al qaeda managed to put some of its iraq and alin qaeda flowed into another organization called isis. how did this terrorist organization come about? in-- when we go back history we find there were many similar organizations practicing terrorism. one big group in the past used

to drug the youth, brainwash them, and make death as something they should wish for through giving them baseless dreams. they used them to carry out suicide attacks. many times a lot of these terrorist practices was in the religion. terrorist acts were mixed religious, sectarian, and political. if we go back to isis we see that the first cell was formed through the inception of a number of -- through a marriage

of a number of army officers and people in prison. in the past there were some thatme arab ideology they used to call for the unity of iraq. syria, lebanon, palestine, jordan. one poet used to say there are no limit borders, may god destroy these borders. amongtsa was spread youth.amongst the arab

baghdad was the center of the .pper side base was a nationalistic and religious base for these ideas. for the religious base, going , or thethe drug addicts outsiders of this religion -- all of these extremist ideas -- ideas used to be based on the prophet mohammed saying that, "my nation will split into 72 groups. one of

them will survive and all 71 others are going to finish." that means they are not real muslims. likeality there is no say mohammed.e prophet i don't think he ever said this. this was said on his behalf. at other times it was used during the times of conflict between the religious sects. that al no doubt qaeda was the base of this to fight the soviet

occupation of the country. .his has spread gradually to havee managed branches in other countries. in africa, iraq. at times when the americans were supervising their presence, these extremist religious people met. married andeologies from that marriage isis came out. to look at the difference between isis and

other terrorist organize a --uldn't -- organize asians ions, isis is different. isis is an international terrorist organization. they have a specific target against one authority. isis has the aim to form a state that brings together the entire middle east and that is where the danger comes from. indeed they managed at some point to occupy muslim.

there were iraqi troops and forces. isis has a different propaganda -- way to do propaganda. they used modern technology in their propaganda. they have many phone numbers of iraqi officials and they would tod them direct threats threaten their families. they would call and say, leave your house now before we kill you and your family. the previous minister of defense said one of the big problems we

have was the mobile phones in this battlefront. when the soldiers all had mobile happenthe defeat not through mobile's or through the soldiers. the defeat happened at the level of the army commanders. every soldier, when he sees that his leader has left the battlefield, they will also look for a way of making an escape and they will defend very little. muslim fell under the occupation of isis. if we go back to the makeup of it wasn't asy, successful in composition.

the iraqi army has been through any setbacks, starting with war with iraq that ended up with one million killed. was takenhey army into occupying kuwait and at the end the result was a deadly attack against the iraqi army. policy during the days -- -- he didn't stop at his army being humiliated to this -- being humiliated like this. the result was another hit to the iraqi army, another blow to the iraqi army.

these laws have all had their impact on the psychology of the soldier and the psychology of the commander. veiling politics was a failed policy. it was moving from failure to failure. after isis managed to occupy -- iraqi politics also -- they should have looked into the formation of the iraqi army. current army was formed during the days of --

soldiers who should be part of the army, they weigh this much without really the -- without really exploring the possibility -- can these people be soldiers of the iraqi army? can they rely on the soldiers? i have to admit corruption that existed. army, thedes of the numbers should be many thousands. 1500 and theer is rest are fictitious. otherwise the iraqi army is known to be brave.

undermined.s been all of this played strong in turning the army into what we see today. they believe into gods, the god of good and the god of evil. in two gods, the god of good, and the god of evil.

they believe they are able to save themselves from evil. isis says these people are not followers of the book, believers of the book, i.e. christians, , others who have a message from god. they decided the youth should be killed. christians were forced to either taxes. or pay they started to attack the sunni

areas with the sunnis themselves. thought these people would -- isis does not represent them. it does not represent anybody. it is an evil plant that grew in this area. they believe in one religion. certain not bound to a boundary. if they stay the way they are mean that room

gradually they will control or expand into other areas. dealing with this threat has a multilevel approach. while attacks are militarily organizations should they have sleeper cells everywhere. this is how we should deal with isis. and also for the religious peopless and education, of religion should concentrate -- aying

in this day and age we should not have anything called slaves. the international campaign is an excellent start. we hope that this campaign will yield positive results in getting rid of isis. it is not enough, of course. this is why they did it very well by attacking isis inside syria as well. to be very careful that an attack inside syria should be and otherst isis groups should be done within syria. there is an interest -- there is an understanding of this.

city is a complex issue. we have to deal with it with sensitivity and in a way that does not change the situation completely for the iraq and other areas. thank you. [applause] they said the time was finished, so i have to finish.

>> can you hear me? we are good to go? ok. we are going to engage in a bit of discussion here and then turn it over for questions. the one thing that has allowed an islamic state, to make gains in iraq, has been the divisions in iraq politics and iraqi society. has been a lot of talk

developing a more inclusive government, but your government does not have a minister of defense, a minister of interior, there is a plan to engage in these tribes. can iraq form a truly inclusive government to now? why can it work this time when it has not worked before? >> before there were many sensitivities between various iraqi groups. with thesel dealing groups. the ideal of citizenship has not been established yet. this is normal.

70's in the -- the state gradually became the state of the citizens. hope to reach a stage where bible -- where political groups are based on citizenship. forming the new government is a new important step. until today we do not have the minister of defense. this goes back to a time of agreement between the various groups. there seems to be some understanding that the minister of defense should be sunni. -- even if he wasn't

part of political groups, they could have had connections or affiliations to this group but they do not have to be truly not independent given the situation today. hopefully it will be completed. >> the kurdish region seems to have one foot in the iraqi government and one out the door. committed to are the government formation process but they are also talking about holding a national referendum.

how can the kurds be brought into the government of iraq and is it wise for the kurdish region to proceed with the referendum on independence while it tries to negotiate its way into the government of iraq and make all the power-sharing arrangements? >> i became the president of iraq through election and the selection of kurdish political parties. there is a decision on kurdish leadership to stay in iraq, the ideas to hold a referendum for independence.

it was at a time when dispute was very high with the iraqi central governments. and mr. maliki was the prime minister, and there were many problems between a central government and -- a referendum does not mean that immediately there will be an state.ing of the kurdish is ang a kurdish state project. this process will take a very long time and today there is no possibility to announce such state. partsh leaders are taking

in participating in the biggest institution of the country. mi you mentioned syria and the role of the islamic state in syria. we had the bombing attacks against isis targets in syria. can stability be brought to iraq without a solution for the fighting in syria? and can there be a solution to the civil war syria as long as bush are al-assad is in power? -- as long as bashar al-assad is in power? >> there is a connection between iraq and syria.

one -- when disputes between the , there were differences between iraq and syria. even in the new iraq there are many differences with syria. isis should be hit in the region as a whole. the first area is iraq. syrias managed to go to and build basis there, that means they can easily come back. is why hitting isis in syria is very important. it should not be part of the that is connected to the existing regime. it should not mean that this is

to support the regime or these attacks should be seeing -- be seen as beginning to overthrow bashar al-assad. that is why these attacks are limited. ask one lastto question and then open it up for questions, what the you think the next step is for the islamic state? what do you think their next military step is? >> perhaps they have sleeper try to use them to attack key installations.

that is why security officials and the people of iraq should be .igilant operations andee suicide attacks. this needs a lot more work and thert, especially now that government is reviewing security installations, security institutions, and security administering institutions. >> i'm going to open up the discussion for questions from the audience. please stand and please identify yourself. just a reminder, this is an on the record meeting and if you can keep your questions concise

more questions. who wants to ask the first question? barbara? >> thank you, very much. i am barbara from the atlantic council. welcome to new york. ask about relations between iraq and iran and the united states. role are you playing, are the kurds and other iraqis playing in coordinating military by theagainst isis united states led coalition and by the iranian's? and what is your view about this going forward? do you see an improvement? ae uc this will be able to be real area of cooperation without alienating the sunni states that are also fighting isis? thank you.

with iran. borders over 100 -- over 1000 kilometers with iran. old relations and historic ties with iran. history. go back in based on this deal with iran as a neighbor, that we have common interests with, at the same time we deal with united states as a country that has a role in the -- there is a strategic agreement between us and america. at america with iranian eyes and we do not look at iran with american eyes. through our iran

joint interests. today --is flexibility there is flexibility today to understand the most complex issue between iran and the united states. that is the nuclear issue. there seems to be an understanding or a readiness to understand each other. the meeting between the two areign ministers encouraging. it is in our interest in the to see an understanding between the two states. >> are there at iranian advisors and iranian forces in iraq and what is their rule? -- what is their role?

them -- >> the first country who provided support for refugees was iran. aid.provided humanitarian i have to admit they also provided for the fighters in the mountain. iranian advisors, are they in iraq? >> i don't believe there are advisors that the nature of the area -- advisors but the nature -- one of the iranian generals is in iraq.

-- i haven'teriod met him. i wanted to find out. i said if he was around, let me see him. but he wasn't. there are political problems. even if they were present to help against these people this is a normal thing. there are many experts from other countries. ask, we call for experts, ministry and security experts to help rebuild our security and military institutions. them a thank you. -- >> thank you. one of the groups would be interested to know -- among the , roughly how many do you

a militaryreate force against isis either in the national guard or local militias or in the iraqi army? how large will the sunni contingent be? >> the iraqi constitution stresses the need for a balance people the groups of the of iraq and the iraqi army. we have to take care of the percentage of the ratio and we also have to be sure that those who are joining the army are able to conduct their duties,

whether they are sunnis, shiites, or kurds. as for the national guard, every government will have its own regard, its own national guard. that means they will be local people and not brought in from others. >> back there? yes. president, you set the united states airstrikes should not be restricted to the islamic hit the alhould also qaeda affiliate news. there are demonstrations against because theytrikes happen to be the most effective fighting force in the opposition

beyond the islamic state. thato you deal with problem where you have opposition, non-isis opposition, who do not want the united states to be hitting their most effective fighting force? >> we do not interfere. is an independent state. as far as isis is concerned, it is a big threat to the region.

there are various trends and various opinions inside syria. one group may be against hitting this troop. they should be attacked everywhere. this should be with international legitimacy. >> trudy from the philadelphia inquirer. in order to deal with isis, both in syria and iraq need to be convinced that they are safe to oppose isis. syria, will sunni be

willing to fight against isis if they feel the bombing strike are helping president aside. what can we do to convince isis? to be against

>> isis occupied sunni areas. city known to be a sunni and the second largest government in iraq. many people are refugees now. anybody who goes and finds the isisity of these people -- does not represent the sunnis. isis occupied key areas of the sunnis. as for syria, the issue there is sunnis. .r a lolly's

the situation is different in syria. syria is concerned with this issue, and we do not control .yria we do not decide anything for the syrian people. should be of syria making that decision for their future. from human rights watch. i wanted to know what the iraq government's plans are to disarm the shia militias that have been responsible for atrocities on par with isis. i also wanted to know what we can expect from the vice president, who we understand show has -- still has a number of shia militias reporting directly to him.

>> malicious should end -- militias should end. , a group ofperiod militias emerged. some of these militias are fighting isis, but when we get militia shouldno stay -- when we get rid of isis. for as long as they exist, that security apparatuses will not be able to conduct their duties. neither will the armies or other people.

they will be in instability. >> are you saying malicious should go when isis is eliminated and that as long as isis is a threat, malicious -- militias should play a role? period,nd a previous when isis started to attack, there was a call for people to be recruited and to volunteer to iraq. iraq, to protect this is a tactical move. it is normal when your area is attacked, then you use anybody who is able to carry weapons. in iraq, we do not have a

reserve army to ask them to join. we do not have that. .hat's why they ask people we need today to gather to carry who is able weapons and to be against isis. when we finish with isis, everything has to be back to normal. the armies make up the security .nstitutions the security apparatuses will not be able and are not able to and thetheir duties, previous army is unable to protect iraq. that is why militias have to end. >> we go to the gentleman over there, and then we go over there next.

>> some years ago, vice and our former president proposed a plan that ultimately was not taken up to divide iraq into three states, one sunni, when shia, and one kurd, as you know. there are a number of people in foreign-policy circles in the united states who are now looking at that proposal again as the ultimate outcome if the iraqi government is not able to hold things together. what do you think about that, and what it be such a bad thing necessarily? -- would it be such a bad ring necessarily?

>> as for the idea of mr. biden, he speaks about within the iraq , so that means instead of iraq becoming a kurdish region and many other governments, it means that we could have a region for the kurds and two other regions in the arab areas of iraq. there are those who are thinking that we move from federalism to counter federalism, but the iraqi state remains, but instead system, we federal

have a confederate system, but partitioning iraq and turning it into three independent states -- i think this is a bit , especially in today's situation. >> i'm with nbc news. mr. president, yesterday, your prime minister set off a renzi in this country when he said that there was a plot uncovered to attack the subway stations here and him paris, and i was hadering if you yourself any information about that claim, which was widely dismissed by u.s. intelligence and security officials here in -- a plot uncovered to attack the subway stations here and in paris. >> personally, i don't have any information about this.

had or seen exactly what he said -- i have not heard or seen exactly what he said. it's clearly within expectation for any of this to happen by sleeper cells, and they retaliate and could resort to such things, but is detailed accurate information, i have not .ean any information like this i have only seen through the newspapers what you said. the nature of the statement, how it was made was not very clear, and i tried to ask him, but he is on his way to baghdad. i could not get hold of him. >> the second row. page, global energy

capital. i would like to follow up on michael's question in terms of the internal political dynamics. you mentioned in your comments about the psychology of soldiers and commanders in the iraqi army. and a lot of meetings i've had with investors and companies that are looking at iraq, there's quite a bit of optimism, and it actually relates to the in the political dynamics right now. particularly in the oil sectors. can you say a little bit in terms of your agenda there and where you see the direction of that going, and up easily, the balance with the more near-term priorities, vis-a-vis the security situation? thank you.

>> as for the energy, oil and gas, we have a bit problem in the country. we still do not have a the newbon law for iraq, and there are the old laws , but there are differences between the kurdistan region and the federal government, but the basic fact is that both sides agree that the constitution should be the arbitrator between the two. of theblem is on powers center and other regions. as for the oil policy of the country and how it should be, this has to be revised.

i believe that regions should have representatives in a higher counsel for oil and gas policy that has representatives of all the governments in the region, and i believe that the new minister of oil and gas is a capable person and has good relations with all the political parties iraq, with all the political people, sides, and i hope that this complicated solved underl be this new minister. >> all the way in the back there, the woman right there. >> thank you. mr. president, thank you for being here.

on with cnn, following up the question from nbc about your prime minister yesterday telling a group of reporters that there was a plot. he did not know if it was imminent, but a plot that had to been warded -- supported attack subway systems in the u.s. and in paris. later with vice president biden, he dialed that back, saying he was speaking in general terms. are you concerned about the fact that this was said first to the press rather than to u.s. officials, given how closely these two governments need to work together now? secondly, do you think that has an all harm u.s.-iraqi relations ?

>> iraqi-american relations are strong relations. as for the intervention of u.s. airstrikes, it was based on the agreement of the iraqi government because there is a strategic agreement between the two countries that iraq's .overeignty was at threat again, i have to say that i did not attend this meeting in order to be able to compare, but i can that we are bound by

these decisions, and we are eager to have strong relations with the united states. as i said, there is a strategic agreement. there are weapons that iraq is buying from the united states, and there are many advisors and .xperts when they went to iraq, they went with iraqi thesis -- the visas. they did not enter the country by force. we need these experts. >> right there. to the right, and then we will do right and then we will do left. turn around the other way. yes. yes. question -- it's

been said that isis fighters are disciplined, effective, very well militarily trained, and that has been attributed to some extent to disaffected or former ers.i military offic what percentage of isis is made up of disaffected or no longer loyal and iraqi officers? -- no longer loyal iraqi officers?

>> but individuals of isis are suicidal. there is a big difference between a suicide attacker and those who defend. for the suicide bomber, it is the same -- to kill or be killed. the iraqi soldier is known to be .rave when the soldiers seize that their leader has run away, they lose their head, so this is what happens -- iraqi soldiers are known to be brave fighters and .trong soldiers >> i think that the last question will go to the gentleman over there who thought he was going to ask the one before, right there. >> thank you.

i am a journalist. you did not speak about the role of turkey in this conflict. could you shed some light about turkey's stance vis-a-vis isis and also with regard to curtis stand? thank you. -- also with regard to curtis stand -- also with regard to kurdistan? is a frontn today -- withh isis between isis. peshmergas are fighting. the real confrontation is that.

using iraqi and syrian and american fighter jets along with the french, the situation was tilted in their aim for. turkey has a number of hostages, and they used to say they were unable to provide help openly for curtis stand and for iraq -- iraq becausen and of the number of hostages. turkey also is ready to present help. i met president it again here, and he expressed readiness to help and cooperate -- i met erdogan.

they should check that these orple are really tourists they are coming to the borders and stepping into the isis areas. >> i would like to thank you for having us your perspective and for taking questions from the members here on all these difficult subjects. let it him a hand. thank you very much. -- let's give him a hand. [applause] >> i also thank everybody, and i am so happy to meet you, to meet .his great crowd here through your questions, i benefited a lot.

>> former ohio congressman jim traficant has died. he served nine consecutive terms before being expelled from congress in 2002 following a federal grand jury conviction for corruption charges. he is remembered for ending many of his floor speeches in the house with the phrase "beam me up." few days comes just a after being injured in a traffic accident on his family farm in youngstown, ohio. jim traficant was 73. theere are just a few of comments we recently received from our viewers. >> my comment is for "washington journal." i wish we would get back to the format of having two or more

people involved talking about the pros and cons on the subject of the morning. i think it would be really great for the american public to hear not sides at the same time, one side and then later on the other side. appreciate you, c-span. thank you so much for "washington journal" and all your other programs. i watch a lot of them all the time. >> the interview with the tea party lady -- i just wondered not bring up the ap story about this lady that shows their organization pays zero dollars to any of the subjects she talks about and pays her $475,000 a year and her husband $250,000 the year. that would have been

interesting, don't you think? .> call us at 202-6 26-3400 e-mail us, or you can send us a tweet. join the c-span conversation, like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. next, a discussion on national security threats are a topics include isis, immigration, and the situation in ukraine. this was hosted by cq rowe call and the online publication just security -- this was hosted by cq roll call and the online publication just security. this is an hour and a half. >> it's my pleasure to be here. let's introduce the distinguished panel straight away. a senior legal fellow at the heritage foundation and former

assistant legal secretary for defense for detainees at the defense department. next of him as the senior associate of the carnegie endowment for international peace. she specializes in issues related to fragile states and post-conflict nations. she not only comments on foreign policy, but she helped shape it by serving as former secretary of state hillary clinton's -- one of her advisers on the foreign affairs policy board. a professor of law at the american university washington college of law and co-editor in chief of just .ecurity that online form, as you can see from the amount of recognition, has become sort of a go to waste for vigorous debate on foreign policy. to my left is the washington the "wallef for street journal" and dow jones newswire. the leading interpreter of the nbc news journal poll, and writer of one of the few must

read columns here in this town. , whoe end is my colleague is a defense specialist and writes the five by five log for cq roll call. google that phrase. he has a long history of previously covering intelligence, so he has a lot to contribute along with my panel, so thank you for coming. -- thank you for coming and joining us. let me start with jerry. last week you wrote, fear is back. when we put this panel together, we probably would have said there was no role in national security. that has changed a bit. there is panel consensus that it will not play a big role. but can you describe what you are seeing in the polling and whether or not there is a percolation period six weeks before the election for it to have an impact?

>> i sort of look at what happened over the year as an art that goes this way, the country and the obama administration are bumping along with the president kind of in sync with american public opinion on the question of the summer, which was whether we want to get involved in syria and iraq. his answer was no, and the american people's answer was no. that is where things were until one thing happened. there was a release of the beheading video of james foley. that event grab the attention of the american public. there was more attention paid to that event in the terms of the way people paid attention, more than trayvon martin, more than the obamacare rollout.

more people paid attention to the beheading video than anything we tested for the last five years. it was a galvanizing moment that changed attitudes. when we asked should the u.s. be militarily involved against the islamic state a couple weeks ago, the answer was 61% of the people said yes. slightly higher among republicans than democrats and independents. there was a sense we have got to do something. i think there is still limited appetite. when we ask people if they want to be more or less involved in world affairs, the number that the u.s. should be involved had ticked up since the spring but not a lot. the reason we have all said amongst ourselves is we talked about this, that i don't believe this question of what is the u.s. role in the middle east, what if the proper strategy against the islamic state, army will be a huge midterm election because both parties are deeply divided on this.

you look at the vote in the house last week on authorizing training the syrian rebels, for example. conservative split amongst themselves, liberals split amongst themselves. the black caucus was split. there's not a party position for the democrats or republicans. it's very hard for parties to gain traction on an issue like that. >> the political powder keg of involvement -- rachel, you mentioned that national security, it is possibly a good thing that is not a big part of debate in the midterm elections. explain why. >> i would love for national security to play a bigger role in general. the american people should have a say. but our congress is not now organized for the american people to have a say. it is highly gerrymandered. that is pushing districts to the fringes in the way the votes are being jerryrigged is similar.

you get a veterans affairs boat with a iraq sanctions vote tacked on to it. pull troops out of iraq vote with a funding vote stuck together. the whole reason these votes are being structured so that an attack ad can be written later against whoever votes for or against the vote. as long as we have a congress in which you know that if you vote on a serious national security issue there are going to be attack ads at the midterm and you will be hurt in the polls, you are not going to get in serious thinking or debate. the politics of this issue suggests to me that we need to pull back on how politicized it is until we can change politics. i think we have eight more years until [indiscernible] -- eight more years until the census happens again.

>> that debate cannot wait eight years. the move against the islamic state for the purposes of this conversation is using an authorization for an old war that the president declared over for a new war. congress needs to act, and the president seems to agree on that. when are we going to get that debate? >> before congress can act -- [inaudible] present obama is deeply committed to a process, some

kind of meaningful dialogue with congress. the congress is not there, literally. the question becomes as things develop on the ground in the next six to eight weeks, the president will fill increasing pressure to go alone just because of logistics. the real question becomes, what happens after the midterms? does the congress go to work -- we have not heard the white house formerly -- formally endorse it. >> does the president have enough authority to act right now? >> i think he does. to jerry's earlier point, before the beheadings the american people -- the two major "usa today" polling, 48% people, the economy was the top insert foll b